Trainees eager to get a career in computers and technology usually don't know what path they should take, or what market to get certified in. Scanning a list of IT job-titles is next to useless. The majority of us don't even know what our next-door neighbours do at work each day - let alone understand the subtleties of a particular IT career. Consideration of many areas is important when you want to dig down the right answer for you:

- Your personality can play a significant role - what things get your juices flowing, and what are the activities that put a frown on your face.

- What time-frame are you looking at for retraining?

- What priority do you place on travelling time and locality vs salary?

- Considering the huge variation that the IT industry encapsulates, you really need to be able to absorb what's different.

- It's wise to spend some time thinking about what kind of effort and commitment that you will set aside for your training.

To cut through all the jargon and confusion, and find what'll really work for you, have a good talk with an industry expert and advisor; someone who will cover the commercial realities and truth and of course each qualification.

It's not uncommon for companies to offer inclusive exam guarantees - they always involve paying for the exam fees up-front, when you pay for the rest of your course. Before you get carried away with the chance of a guarantee, be aware of the facts:

Obviously it's not free - you're still paying for it - the price has simply been included in the whole thing. Passing first time is everyone's goal. Entering examinations one by one and funding them one at a time puts you in a much stronger position to qualify at the first attempt - you take it seriously and are mindful of the investment you've made.

Isn't it in your interests to hold on to your money and pay for the exam when you're ready, rather than coughing up months or even a year or two in advance to a training company, and to take it closer to home - instead of miles away at the college's beck and call? A lot of extra profit is secured by a number of companies that get money upfront for exam fees. Many students don't take them for one reason or another but the company keeps the money. Surprising as it sounds, providers exist that actually bank on it - as that's where a lot of their profit comes from. You should fully understand that re-takes through organisations with an 'Exam Guarantee' are always heavily controlled. They'll insist that you take mock exams first so you can prove to them you have a good chance of passing.

Paying maybe a thousand pounds extra on 'Exam Guarantees' is short-sighted - when hard work, commitment and the right preparation via exam simulations is what will really see you through.

Essentially, the back-bone of Cisco technological systems are their 'routers', switches & 'controllers'. If we didn't have these systems, data would be unable to 'flow' around networks. Networking-hardware has it's very own list of regulations & procedures. The 'hardware' has to be set-up & maintained correctly. Networks need to run smoothly and regularly have to expand, and so ongoing maintenance means specialists have to trouble-shoot, re-configure & reprogram regularly. In all areas of modern day communications, 'Cisco' is enjoying a fundamental role. This is to a large degree due to the change towards full system-integration of voice & information both in private and government office buildings.

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